The Governance of Sea Level Rise in the San Francisco Bay Area

# The Governance of Sea Level Rise in the San Francisco Bay Area
## Results from a survey of stakeholders
### Francesca Pia Vantaggiato, Mark Lubell, Darcy Bostic <br/> <br/> Center for Environmental Policy and Behavior <br/> University of California, Davis
### Bay Conservation and Development Commission <br/> 16 May 2019

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## A governance survey of involved stakeholders

We launched the survey on July 1st, 2018 and closed it on August 31st, 2018.

The survey comprised three main parts:

- stakeholders' perceptions of the problem;

- stakeholders' preferences concerning the actions;

- stakeholders' collaborative activities, within forums and bilaterally with other organizations.

We obtained 722 replies (22% response rate). Respondents represent 385 organizations (65 are involved in an individual capacity; 38 failed to disclose).

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## The main takeaways from the governance survey 
.pull-left[
.medium[1. Most survey respondents address SLR as only part of their work, with a smaller core group having SLR as their major focus;

1. Most survey respondents work at the local level, with a smaller number working across the entire region;

1. Most survey respondents represent only one organization; 22% represents more than one organization;

1. Most survey respondents are project managers, planners, policy analysts and communication professionals.

]]

.pull-right[
.small[1. The main concerns are transportation, stormwater/wastewater infrastructure, and disadvantaged communities;

1. There is high level of agreement on perceived risks, but low level of agreement on actions;

1. The largest barriers to collaboration are lack of an overall SLR adaptation plan, insufficient political leadership, funding gaps;

1. Most collaborative activities comprise sharing information, joint planning, public outreach, funding applications, and research;

1. The most valuable collaboration partners are reputable organizations with financial and information resources;

1. Collaborative initiatives providing information are perceived as fairer than initiatives aimed at making decisions on adaptive infrastructure.

]]

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# Respondents' characteristics

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## Respondents by type of organization

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figures/organizations-1.png" alt="Respondents' organizations"  />
<p class="caption">Respondents' organizations</p>
</div>
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## Respondents by task

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figures/task-1.png" alt="Respondents' tasks."  />
<p class="caption">Respondents' tasks.</p>
</div>

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## Most respondents focus on highly populated areas.
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## Breakdown of respondents by the number of shoreline segments they focus on

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figures/segments_breakdown-1.png" alt="Breakdown of the count of shoreline segments that respondents focus on."  />
<p class="caption">Breakdown of the count of shoreline segments that respondents focus on.</p>
</div>
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# Perceptions of Sea Level Rise vulnerabilities

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# High agreement on risks, low agreement on actions

<img src="figures/agreement-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
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## Respondents' concerns: infrastructure and communities
  
<img src="figures/worries-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

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## Collaborative activities: information and outreach.

<img src="figures/collab-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
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## Collaborative activities by OLU

<img src="figures/collab_olu-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
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## Barriers to collaboration: lack of plan and leadership.

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figures/barriers-1.png" alt="Barriers to collaborative initiatives. \label{Barriers}"  />
<p class="caption">Barriers to collaborative initiatives. \label{Barriers}</p>
</div>
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## Barriers to collaboration by OLU

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## Preferences: a regional plan and collaboration

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## Respondents' policy preferences by OLU

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# The network of organizations working on sea level rise in the San Francisco Bay Area: an overview by level of governance

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<img src="figures/network_local-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

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<img src="figures/ego_network_bcdc-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
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<img src="figures/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
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# Choosing collaboration partners

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# Collaborative initiatives focused on sea level rise in the San Francisco Bay Area

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## Most clicked collaborative initiatives in the survey

<table>
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> Collaborative initiative </th>
   <th style="text-align:right;"> Participating respondents </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Resilient by Design </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 256 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Adapting to Rising Tides </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 140 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> SeaChange San Mateo County </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 35 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> BAYWAVE Marin County </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 33 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> SR37 </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 31 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Bay Area Climate Adaptation Network (BayCAN) </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 26 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 26 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> CHARG </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 24 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> San Francisco Seawall Project </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 20 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> C-SMART Marin </td>
   <td style="text-align:right;"> 15 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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<img src="figures/ART_RbD2-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
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# Thank you for your attention.

# What questions do you have?